Nginx : Reverse Proxy2024/05/31

Configure Nginx as a Reverse Proxy Server.

For example, Configure Nginx that HTTP/HTTPS accesses to [www.srv.world] are forwarded to [node01.srv.world].

[1]

Get SSL certificates, refer to here.

[2]

Configure Nginx.

root@www:~#

vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

# change content like follows
# replace server name or certificates to yours

server {
        listen      80 default_server;
        listen      [::]:80 default_server;
        listen      443 ssl http2 default_server;
        listen      [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
        server_name www.srv.world;

        ssl_certificate "/etc/letsencrypt/live/www.srv.world/fullchain.pem";
        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/letsencrypt/live/www.srv.world/privkey.pem";
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  10m;

        proxy_redirect      off;
        proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header    Host $http_host;

        location / {
                proxy_pass http://node01.srv.world/;
        }
}

root@www:~#

systemctl reload nginx

[3]	Configure backend Nginx server to log X-Forwarded-For header.

root@node01:~#

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# add [log_format] setting into [http] section

http {
        log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

root@node01:~#

vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

# add into [server] section
# specify your local network for [set_real_ip_from]

server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        listen [::]:80 default_server;
        set_real_ip_from   10.0.0.0/24;
        real_ip_header     X-Forwarded-For;

root@node01:~#

systemctl reload nginx

[4]	Verify it works fine to access to frontend Nginx Server from any Client Computer.

[5]

It's possible to proxy requests of multiple hostnames or domainnames.

For example, [www.srv.world], [rx-7.srv.world], [rx-8.srv.world] are assigned the same IP address (10.0.0.31 on here) by DNS setting and Nginx on the server with its IP address receives all requests to those hostname.
This example shows to use servers which have the same domainname but it's no problem if domainnames are not the same one.
The example below shows to configure Nginx that requests to [www.srv.world] are forwarded to local Nginx default site,
requests to [rx-7.srv.world] are forwarded to the backend server [rx-7.srv.world (10.0.0.101)],
requests to [rx-8.srv.world] are forwarded to the backend server [rx-8.srv.world (10.0.0.102)].

root@www:~#

vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/rx-7.srv.world.conf

# create new

server {
        listen      80;
        listen      [::]:80;
        listen      443 ssl http2;
        listen      [::]:443 ssl http2;
        server_name rx-7.srv.world;

        ssl_certificate "/etc/letsencrypt/live/rx-7.srv.world/fullchain.pem";
        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/letsencrypt/live/rx-7.srv.world/privkey.pem";
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  10m;

        proxy_redirect      off;
        proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header    Host $http_host;

        location / {
                proxy_pass http://rx-7.srv.world/;
        }
}

root@www:~#

vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/rx-8.srv.world.conf

# create new

server {
        listen      80;
        listen      [::]:80;
        listen      443 ssl http2;
        listen      [::]:443 ssl http2;
        server_name rx-8.srv.world;

        ssl_certificate "/etc/letsencrypt/live/rx-8.srv.world/fullchain1.pem";
        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/letsencrypt/live/rx-8.srv.world/privkey1.pem";
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  10m;

        proxy_redirect      off;
        proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header    Host $http_host;

        location / {
                proxy_pass http://rx-8.srv.world/;
        }
}

root@www:~#

cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled

root@www:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled#

ln -s ../sites-available/rx-7.srv.world.conf ./

root@www:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled#

ln -s ../sites-available/rx-8.srv.world.conf ./

root@www:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled#

systemctl reload nginx

[6]	Verify it works fine to access to each hostname from any Client Computer.

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