Nginx : Load Balancing2023/07/04

Configure Nginx as a Load Balancing Server.
This example is based on the environment like follows.

-----------+---------------------------+-----
           |                           |
           |10.0.0.31                  |
+----------+-----------+               |
|   [ www.srv.world ]  |               |
|        Nginx         |               |
+----------------------+               |
                                       |
------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+------------
            |                          |                          |
            |10.0.0.51                 |10.0.0.52                 |10.0.0.53
+-----------+----------+   +-----------+----------+   +-----------+----------+
| [ node01.srv.world ] |   | [ node02.srv.world ] |   | [ node03.srv.world ] |
|      Web Server#1    |   |      Web Server#2    |   |      Web Server#3    |
+----------------------+   +----------------------+   +----------------------+

[1]	Get SSL certificates, refer to here.
[2]	Configure Nginx.

root@www:~#

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# add into [http] section
# [backup] means this server is balanced only when other servers are down
# [weight=*] means balancing weight

http {
        upstream backends {
                server node01.srv.world:80 weight=2;
                server node02.srv.world:80;
                server node03.srv.world:80 backup;
        }

root@www:~#

vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

# change content like follows
# replace server name or certificates to yours

server {
        listen      80 default_server;
        listen      [::]:80 default_server;
        listen      443 ssl http2 default_server;
        listen      [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
        server_name www.srv.world;
        
        ssl_certificate "/etc/letsencrypt/live/www.srv.world/fullchain.pem";
        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/letsencrypt/live/www.srv.world/privkey.pem";
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  10m;

        proxy_redirect      off;
        proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header    Host $http_host;

        location / {
                proxy_pass http://backends;
        }
}

root@www:~#

systemctl reload nginx

[3]	Configure backend Nginx server to log X-Forwarded-For header.

root@node01:~#

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# add [log_format] setting into [http] section

http {
        log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

root@node01:~#

vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

# add into [server] section
# specify your local network for [set_real_ip_from]

server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        listen [::]:80 default_server;
        set_real_ip_from   10.0.0.0/24;
        real_ip_header     X-Forwarded-For;

root@node01:~#

systemctl reload nginx

[4]	Verify it works fine to access to frontend Nginx Server from any Client Computer.

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