KVM : Install VM Management Tools2025/01/17 |
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Install useful tools for virtual machine management. |
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| [1] | Install required packages. |
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[root@dlp ~]# dnf -y install guestfs-tools virt-top
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| [2] | Create a Virtual machine from officially provided images. |
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# display available OS template [root@dlp ~]# virt-builder -l alma-8.5 x86_64 AlmaLinux 8.5 centos-6 x86_64 CentOS 6.6 centos-7.0 x86_64 CentOS 7.0 centos-7.1 x86_64 CentOS 7.1 centos-7.2 aarch64 CentOS 7.2 (aarch64) centos-7.2 x86_64 CentOS 7.2 centos-7.3 x86_64 CentOS 7.3 centos-7.4 x86_64 CentOS 7.4 centos-7.5 x86_64 CentOS 7.5 centos-7.6 x86_64 CentOS 7.6 centos-7.7 x86_64 CentOS 7.7 centos-7.8 x86_64 CentOS 7.8 centos-8.0 x86_64 CentOS 8.0 centos-8.2 x86_64 CentOS 8.2 centosstream-8 x86_64 CentOS Stream 8 centosstream-9 x86_64 CentOS Stream 9 cirros-0.3.1 x86_64 CirrOS 0.3.1 cirros-0.3.5 x86_64 CirrOS 0.3.5 ..... ..... # create an image of [debian-12] # replace the [myrootpassword] to the root password you'd like to set [root@dlp ~]# virt-builder debian-12 --format qcow2 --size 10G -o /var/kvm/images/debian-12.qcow2 --root-password password:myrootpassword
[ 4.5] Downloading: http://builder.libguestfs.org/debian-12.xz
[ 109.9] Planning how to build this image
[ 109.9] Uncompressing
[ 112.4] Resizing (using virt-resize) to expand the disk to 10.0G
[ 126.4] Opening the new disk
[ 135.0] Setting a random seed
virt-builder: warning: random seed could not be set for this type of guest
[ 135.1] Setting passwords
[ 135.7] SELinux relabelling
[ 135.7] Finishing off
Output file: /var/kvm/images/debian-12.qcow2
Output size: 10.0G
Output format: qcow2
Total usable space: 9.8G
Free space: 8.6G (87%)
# to create a VM with the image above, run [virt-install]
[root@dlp ~]# virt-install \
--name debian-12 \
--ram 4096 \
--disk path=/var/kvm/images/debian-12.qcow2 \
--vcpus 2 \
--os-variant debian12 \
--network bridge=br0 \
--graphics none \
--serial pty \
--console pty \
--boot hd \
--import
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| [3] | [ls] a directory in a virtual machine. |
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[root@dlp ~]# virt-ls -l -d centos10 /root total 28 dr-xr-x---. 3 root root 147 Jan 17 00:11 . dr-xr-xr-x. 18 root root 235 Jan 17 00:03 .. -rw-------. 1 root root 16 Jan 17 00:11 .bash_history -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Oct 29 00:00 .bash_logout -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 141 Oct 29 00:00 .bash_profile -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 429 Oct 29 00:00 .bashrc -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 Oct 29 00:00 .cshrc drwx------. 2 root root 6 Jan 17 00:03 .ssh -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129 Oct 29 00:00 .tcshrc -rw-------. 1 root root 981 Jan 17 00:07 anaconda-ks.cfg |
| [4] | [cat] a file in a virtual machine. |
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[root@dlp ~]# virt-cat -d centos10 /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:Super User:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/usr/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/usr/sbin/nologin ..... ..... |
| [5] | Edit a file in a virtual machine. |
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[root@dlp ~]# virt-edit -d centos10 /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Fri Jan 17 00:03:10 2025 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'. # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. # # After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd # units generated from this file. # UUID=6f8b7cd0-7af0-458b-b868-00a0bbaf3585 / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=d17edee5-85d1-4755-af15-9982e62c2de9 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=80617d81-4d18-4f1e-9c98-d96e39333d20 none swap defaults 0 0 |
| [6] | Display disk usage in a virtual machine. |
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[root@dlp ~]# virt-df -d centos10 Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% centos10:/dev/sda2 983040 232480 750560 24% centos10:/dev/cs/root 17756160 1716768 16039392 10% |
| [7] | Mount a disk for a virtual machine. |
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[root@dlp ~]# guestmount -d centos10 -i /media [root@dlp ~]# ll /media total 20 dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Oct 29 09:00 afs lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Oct 29 09:00 bin -> usr/bin dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jan 17 09:06 boot drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jan 17 09:03 dev drwxr-xr-x. 105 root root 8192 Jan 17 09:10 etc drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Jan 17 09:07 home ..... ..... |
| [8] | Display the status of virtual machines. |
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[root@dlp ~]# virt-top
virt-top 10:05:51 - x86_64 8/8CPU 2399MHz 15727MB
3 domains, 1 active, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 paused, 2 inactive D:0 O:0 X:0
CPU: 0.1% Mem: 4096 MB (4096 MB by guests)
ID S RDRQ WRRQ RXBY TXBY %CPU %MEM TIME NAME
12 R 2 1 104 0 0.1 26.0 0:21.47 centos10
- (Win2k25)
- (debian-12)
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