Nginx : Load Balancing2023/04/28

Configure Nginx as a Load Balancing Server.
This example is based on the environment like follows.

-----------+---------------------------+-----
           |                           |
           |10.0.0.30                  |
+----------+-----------+               |
|   [ www.srv.world ]  |               |
|        Nginx         |               |
+----------------------+               |
                                       |
------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+------------
            |                          |                          |
            |10.0.0.51                 |10.0.0.52                 |10.0.0.53
+-----------+----------+   +-----------+----------+   +-----------+----------+
| [ node01.srv.world ] |   | [ node02.srv.world ] |   | [ node03.srv.world ] |
|      Web Server#1    |   |      Web Server#2    |   |      Web Server#3    |
+----------------------+   +----------------------+   +----------------------+

[1]	Get SSL certificates, refer to here.
[2]	Configure Nginx.

[root@www ~]#

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# add into [http] section
# [backup] means this server is balanced only when other servers are down
# [weight=*] means balancing weight

http {
    upstream backends {
        server node01.srv.world:80 weight=2;
        server node02.srv.world:80;
        server node03.srv.world:80 backup;
    }
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

# for HTTP
# change like follows in [server] section
    server {
        listen      80 default_server;
        listen      [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name www.srv.world;

        proxy_redirect      off;
        proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header    Host $http_host;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://backends;
        }
    }

# for HTTPS

[root@www ~]#

vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/lb-ssl.conf

# create new
# replace certificates to your own one

server {
    listen      443 ssl http2 default_server;
    listen      [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
    server_name www.srv.world;

    ssl_certificate "/etc/letsencrypt/live/www.srv.world/fullchain.pem";
    ssl_certificate_key "/etc/letsencrypt/live/www.srv.world/privkey.pem";
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
    ssl_session_timeout  10m;
    ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    proxy_redirect      off;
    proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header    Host $http_host;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backends;
    }
}

[root@www ~]#

systemctl reload nginx

[3]	If SELinux is enabled, change boolean setting.

[root@www ~]#

setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect on

[4]	Configure backend Nginx server to log X-Forwarded-For header.

[root@node01 ~]#

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# make sure settings [log_format] in [http] section
# OK if set [http_x_forwarded_for]

http {
        log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                        '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                        '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

# add into [server] section
# specify your local network for [set_real_ip_from]

    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  node01.srv.world;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
        set_real_ip_from   10.0.0.0/24;
        real_ip_header     X-Forwarded-For;

[root@node01 ~]#

systemctl reload nginx

[5]	Verify it works fine to access to frontend Nginx Server from any Client Computer.

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