Tripwire : ホスト型IDS2016/01/17 |
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ホスト型 IDS (Intrusion Detection System - 侵入検知システム) の Tripwire のインストールと設定です。
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| [1] | Tripwire をインストールします。 |
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root@dlp:~# apt-get -y install tripwire
# Enter +------------------------+ Tripwire Configuration +-------------------------+ | | | Tripwire uses a pair of keys to sign various files, thus ensuring their | unaltered state. By accepting here, you will be prompted for the | passphrase for the first of those keys, the site key, during the | installation. You are also agreeing to create a site key if one doesn't | exist already. Tripwire uses the site key to sign files that may be | common to multiple systems, e.g. the configuration & policy files. See | twfiles(5) for more information. | | Unfortunately, due to the Debian installation process, there is a period | of time where this passphrase exists in a unencrypted format. Were an | attacker to have access to your machine during this period, he could | possibly retrieve your passphrase and use it at some later point. | | If you would rather not have this exposure, decline here. You will then | | <Ok> | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ # Yes を選択して Enter +------------------------+ Tripwire Configuration +------------------------+ | | | Do you wish to create/use your site key passphrase during installation? | | | | <Yes> <No> | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ # Enter +------------------------+ Tripwire Configuration +-------------------------+ | | | Tripwire uses a pair of keys to sign various files, thus ensuring their | unaltered state. By accepting here, you will be prompted for the | passphrase for the second of those keys, the local key, during the | installation. You are also agreeing to create a local key if one | doesn't exist already. Tripwire uses the local key to sign files that | are specific to this system, e.g. the tripwire database. See twfiles(5) | for more information. | | Unfortunately, due to the Debian installation process, there is a period | of time where this passphrase exists in a unencrypted format. Were an | attacker to have access to your machine during this period, he could | possibly retrieve your passphrase and use it at some later point. | | If you would rather not have this exposure, decline here. You will then | | <Ok> | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ # Yes を選択して Enter +------------------------+ Tripwire Configuration +-------------------------+ | | | Do you wish to create/use your local key passphrase during installation? | | | | <Yes> <No> | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ # Yes を選択して Enter +------------------------+ Tripwire Configuration +------------------------+ | | | Tripwire keeps its configuration in a encrypted database that is | | generated, by default, from /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt | | | | Any changes to /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt, either as a result of a change | | in this package or due to administrator activity, require the | | regeneration of the encrypted database before they will take effect. | | | | Selecting this action will result in your being prompted for the site | | key passphrase during the post-installation process of this package. | | | | Rebuild Tripwire configuration file? | | | | <Yes> <No> | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ # Yes を選択して Enter +------------------------+ Tripwire Configuration +-------------------------+ | | | Tripwire keeps its policies on what attributes of which files should be | | monitored in a encrypted database that is generated, by default, from | | /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt | | | | Any changes to /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt, either as a result of a change | | in this package or due to administrator activity, require the | | regeneration of the encrypted database before they will take effect. | | | | Selecting this action will result in your being prompted for the site | | key passphrase during the post-installation process of this package. | | | | Rebuild Tripwire policy file? | | | | <Yes> <No> | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ # サイトパスフレーズを設定 +--------------------------+ Get site passphrase +--------------------------+ | Tripwire uses two different keys for authentication and encryption of | | files. The site key is used to protect files that could be used across | | several systems. This includes the policy and configuration files. | | | | You are being prompted for this passphrase either because no site key | | exists at this time or because you have requested the rebuilding of the | | policy or configuration files. | | | | Remember this passphrase; it is not stored anywhere! | | | | Enter site-key passphrase: | | | | ********_________________________________________________________________ | | | | <Ok> | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ # サイトパスフレーズ再入力 +----------------------+ Get site passphrase +-----------------------+ | Please repeat the site pass phrase to be sure you didn't mistype. | | | | Repeat the site-key passphrase: | | | | ********__________________________________________________________ | | | | <Ok> | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ # ローカルパスフレーズを設定 +-------------------------+ Get local passphrase +--------------------------+ | Tripwire uses two different keys for authentication and encryption of | | files. The local key is used to protect files specific to the local | | machine, such as the Tripwire database. The local key may also be used | | for signing integrity check reports. | | | | You are being prompted for this passphrase because no local key file | | currently exists. | | | | Remember this passphrase; it is not stored anywhere! | | | | Enter local key passphrase: | | | | ********_________________________________________________________________ | | | | <Ok> | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ # ローカルパスフレーズ再入力 +----------------------+ Get local passphrase +-----------------------+ | Please repeat the local pass phrase to be sure you didn't mistype. | | | | Repeat the local key passphrase: | | | | ********___________________________________________________________ | | | | <Ok> | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ # Enter +-------------------------+ Get local passphrase +-------------------------+ | | | Tripwire has been installed | | | | The Tripwire binaries are located in /usr/sbin and the database is | | located in /var/lib/tripwire. It is strongly advised that these | | locations be stored on write-protected media (e.g. mounted RO floppy). | | See /usr/share/doc/tripwire/README.Debian for details. | | | | <Ok> | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| [2] | キーの作成やデータベース作成等の初期設定をします。 |
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root@dlp:~# cd /etc/tripwire
root@dlp:/etc/tripwire#
vi twcfg.txt # 12行目：報告レベル最大に変更 REPORTLEVEL = 4
# 設定ファイル生成 root@dlp:/etc/tripwire# twadmin -m F -c tw.cfg -S site.key twcfg.txt
Please enter your site passphrase:
# サイトキーパスフレーズで応答 Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg # デフォルトでは、存在しないファイル/ディレクトリを多数チェックにいくため、 # 以下のポリシー最適化スクリプトを利用させていただき、ポリシーを最適化する root@dlp:/etc/tripwire# vi twpolmake.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl
# Tripwire Policy File customize tool
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright (C) 2003 Hiroaki Izumi
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
# of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# Usage:
# perl twpolmake.pl {Pol file}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
#
$POLFILE=$ARGV[0];
open(POL,"$POLFILE") or die "open error: $POLFILE" ;
my($myhost,$thost) ;
my($sharp,$tpath,$cond) ;
my($INRULE) = 0 ;
while (<POL>) {
chomp;
if (($thost) = /^HOSTNAME\s*=\s*(.*)\s*;/) {
$myhost = `hostname` ; chomp($myhost) ;
if ($thost ne $myhost) {
$_="HOSTNAME=\"$myhost\";" ;
}
}
elsif ( /^{/ ) {
$INRULE=1 ;
}
elsif ( /^}/ ) {
$INRULE=0 ;
}
elsif ($INRULE == 1 and ($sharp,$tpath,$cond) = /^(\s*\#?\s*)(\/\S+)\b(\s+->\s+.+)$/) {
$ret = ($sharp =~ s/\#//g) ;
if ($tpath eq '/sbin/e2fsadm' ) {
$cond =~ s/;\s+(tune2fs.*)$/; \#$1/ ;
}
if (! -s $tpath) {
$_ = "$sharp#$tpath$cond" if ($ret == 0) ;
}
else {
$_ = "$sharp$tpath$cond" ;
}
}
print "$_\n" ;
}
close(POL) ;
root@dlp:/etc/tripwire#
perl twpolmake.pl twpol.txt > twpol.txt.new root@dlp:/etc/tripwire# twadmin -m P -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key twpol.txt.new Please enter your site passphrase: Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol # データベース作成 root@dlp:/etc/tripwire# tripwire -m i -s -c tw.cfg Please enter your local passphrase: |
| [3] | チェックを実行します。 なお、定期チェックのスクリプトはパッケージに含まれており日次でチェック実行されます。 |
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root@dlp:~# tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg Open Source Tripwire(R) 2.4.2.2 Integrity Check Report Report generated by: root Report created on: Wed Jan 19 19:56:51 2016 Database last updated on: Never =============================================================================== Report Summary: =============================================================================== Host name: dlp.srv.world Host IP address: 10.0.0.30 Host ID: None Policy file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol Configuration file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg Database file used: /var/lib/tripwire/dlp.srv.world.twd Command line used: tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg =============================================================================== Rule Summary: =============================================================================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Section: Unix File System ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rule Name Severity Level Added Removed Modified --------- -------------- ----- ------- -------- Other binaries 66 0 0 0 Tripwire Binaries 100 0 0 0 Other libraries 66 0 0 0 Root file-system executables 100 0 0 0 Tripwire Data Files 100 0 0 0 System boot changes 100 0 0 0 Root file-system libraries 100 0 0 0 (/lib) Critical system boot files 100 0 0 0 Other configuration files 66 0 0 0 (/etc) Boot Scripts 100 0 0 0 Security Control 66 0 0 0 Root config files 100 0 0 0 Devices & Kernel information 100 0 0 0 (/dev) Invariant Directories 66 0 0 0 Total objects scanned: 25632 Total violations found: 0 =============================================================================== Object Summary: =============================================================================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Section: Unix File System ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No violations. =============================================================================== Error Report: =============================================================================== No Errors ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *** End of report *** Open Source Tripwire 2.4 Portions copyright 2000 Tripwire, Inc. Tripwire is a registered trademark of Tripwire, Inc. This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details use --version. This is free software which may be redistributed or modified only under certain conditions; see COPYING for details. All rights reserved. |
| [4] | チェックの結果、変更が検出されたが内容に問題ない場合にデータベースの更新を行う場合は以下のようにします。 |
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# チェック結果は以下の場所へ保管されている root@dlp:~# ll /var/lib/tripwire/report total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 20 14:57 ./ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 20 14:56 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1638 Jan 20 14:57 dlp.srv.world-20160120-145651.twr # 問題無しのレポートを指定してデータベースを更新 root@dlp:~# tripwire -m u -a -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg \ -r /var/lib/tripwire/report/dlp.srv.world-20160120-145651.twr |